Great apartment repair of obov'yazkovo includes replacement of electrical wiring. Є two main causes of this action.
Persha - vіk tsієї samoї wiring. As a rule, major or even serious repairs should be carried out 15-20 days after the completion of the apartment. For the whole hour, navit correctly zroblena, home electrical installations are old and worn out. Otzhe, potentially becoming a dzherel of insecurity for the bagmen.
Another reason is the rescheduling of that great repair of the capital and the addition of new electrical appliances. Vrіzannya and іnshі z'єdnannya new wiring zі old vkrai nebazhanі. Through the rozbіzhnіst characteristics of the cable chi materials from new.
Otzhe, pitanya - chi change the electrical wiring, vvazhaetsya virishenim, zalishaetsya rozіbratisya z yoga practical connections. І rozpochati required for the choice of cable.
Cable for electrical wiring in the apartment - 300 brands and 5000 different
From which side do you start here? To gather behind the head of a man, far from electrical installation. І є why hapatisya. Because the cables and darts are not just rich, they are literally unstoppable, like Donov Pedro from Brazil. Navіt profesіynі elektrikіnіnоdі "drown" i stray near the abundance of virobnіv i produktsії.
Selecting a wire for electrical wiring in an apartment, supplying not only for repairs. An important point is that the wiring is responsible for ensuring the “delivery” of electricity to any little corner of the apartment and be safe, so as not to “bite” with a strum. And also be pozhezhostіykoy and nadіynoy.
Respect! Headache in overhead electrical wiring - to know the right electrician. Take care of electricity and choose a cable for wiring near the apartment; Anyone who has a permit to electrical work and a practical certificate.
We will briefly talk about cables and darts, their threads, marking, materials and see that. It is clear what is suitable for home wiring, and what cannot be beaten. So that you are aware of what an electrician should do and why.
Characteristics of wires and cables, on which they should be taken into account when choosing
Let's think about whether you need a power cable or a wire with a voltage of 220/380 for transferring an electric jet to your home. All other things you can see on the kshtalt heating, television, computer and others are not seen at once.
Zagalny perelіk characteristics looks like this:
- material lived;
- construction;
- peratin;
- comradeship of living isolation;
- shell casing;
- marking;
- zabarvlennya lived;
- package;
- certificate;
- production mill.
1. Material and design
Behind the warehouse lived, cable products are divided into copper and aluminum. Virobi from the midi are more supple, the opir is lower, the signs of the struma are higher, the heating is less, so that it is equal to the aluminum ribbing. In addition, copper is less oxidized, more plastic, and therefore the cable can serve longer without losing power and characteristics.
Respect! Robiti the wiring near the apartment aluminum cable fenced up to the point of PUE (rules for the installation of electrical installations).
For construction single-core (single-core) and multi-core (multi-core) cables and darts are used. Single-core different zhorstkish and negnuchki, especially with a great wire conductor.
Depending on the power supply, "what kind of wire is to be used for wiring under plaster", we can say that, theoretically, a single-core honeycomb cable is supposed to be used. Plaster to create a dodatkovy zahist of such a conductor. But in fact, nobody is laying a home electrical network with a one-shot dart.
Bagatodrotovy single-core cable is soft and plastic. It’s good to carry over the bends, turn and go like for vіdkrytoї wiring, and for prihovanoї pіd plaster. The very three-core single-core vicorist at a time for laying in apartments.
Respect! Do not confuse the cables, where the skin core is made up of one conductor, with wires, where the core is made up of several conductors. Bagatodrotyan cable fenced for stationary laying in the apartment through the temple of the fire safety. Report about them at the block“Yakі wire cannot be used for electrical wiring near the apartment”
2. Crossing the cable for carrying out at the apartment
It is measured in "squares", that is, square millimeters and shows the throughput of the building. The copper cable has one “square” passing 8-10 Ampere strum, the aluminum cable has more than 5 A. . In addition, when attaching wires, it is necessary to take care that it is less cold, and therefore, the reserve of the cut is to be compensated.
Respect! Do not confuse the span of the cable with the same diameter, there are two great differences! The diameter can be measured with a ruler, or rather with a caliper. And then let's add yoga to the formula and fix the area of the cut.
Also, remember that you choose the cable for wiring in the apartment on the rounded side of the big side. If 2.3 "squares" come out with a rozrahunka, the cable is selected two and a half, and not two "squares".
Ideally, the wire is to blame for the markings on the cable tags, but in fact, the faults are often on the smaller side. Small differences are acceptable, the shards of the cable are certified according to the support, but they did not live through. Yakshcho razbіzhnostі suttєvі, tse shlyub. Dosvіdcheny elektrik podachit yogo visually, and you can measure the diameter lived and rozrahuvat peretin for Іnteresu chi help a friend, who can independently buy a cable for apartment electrical wiring.
Deyakі electricians to take a cable with a nominal value higher for rozrahunkovy. For example, 4 "squares", deputy 2.5, to cover the "missing" cut, so that it appears. And then you need to make sure that the wires are properly protected and set the correct automatic ELVs.
Please! We recommend for electrical wiring near the apartment, dart bars from midi 1.5 to 2.5 square meters. mm. Let two and a half "squares" and a second - for lighting on the sockets.
3. Tovshchina of housing isolation
The skin lived in a rich-core or single-core cable with insulation with PVC plastic compound of the highest type or with reduced combustibility, as well as polymers and polyethylene. Tovshchina іzolyatsії regulate guests and won't be enough. For butt cables (nominal voltage up to 660V) with a span of 1.5 and 2.5 mm 2 thickness of the insulating ball according to the standard - 0.6 mm. Removal is allowed, but the insulation may be thinner than 0.44 mm.
It seems simpler, є іnternval tovschin, where the insulation is to blame, so that the wiring served well and there were no problems during installation. If you destroy the virobnik technology, you won’t make a difference without a micrometer, so you won’t deal with the cables today. To that, there is no order of an approved electrician - it is less necessary to buy at over-the-counter stores and cables of different brands.
4. Tovshchina of the shell
The cladding wraps the cable over the insulated cores, fixing it and protecting it. It is crushed out, like a core insulation, with PVC plastic compound or a polymer, and a great tovshchina. For multi-core cables, the thickness is 1.8 mm, for single-core cables - 1.4 mm. It is also possible to see a smaller number, but it is not significant.
Izoluvalna obolonka - obov'yazykovy element. For any kind of apartment wiring cable, wound from the minimum tightness, it is “registered” for the underlying insulation. Tobto spochatka on the vein, and then on top of it. Tse ensure the safety of people, she protects the conductor himself from the grave.
5. Marking
The price was written on the insulation cable for the installation of electrical wiring near the apartment. Vaughn to avenge all I need information for the choice. Write to others or see the hour of the preparation of cable products. Vaughn can be clear, contrasting, good to read.
The markuvanny says:
- The mark of the virobu (cable or dart), in which the main power characteristics are encrypted.
- The name of the virobnik plant.
- Rick release.
- Number of bags.
- Peretin.
- Nominal voltage.
Written to be applied on all days of the conductor from small intervals.
On the price list and in the catalogs of online stores, do not indicate the release date of the picker and write the marking at the sight VVGng(ozh)-0.66 kV 3x1.5 or VVG, VVGNG cable 3x1.5.
It is deciphered as a three-stranded copper cable with a peretina lived 1.5 "squares" (3x1.5), the single-strand vikonnanny lived (ozh). Isolation and sheathing with PVC compound (VV), flexible cable (G), non-combustible (ng). Rated voltage 660 Volts.
Remember! The letter designating the brand of the cable is based on the material lived, for aluminum the letter A is set, for midi — It doesn’t seem that all cables of the VVG brands of all modifications can be a medium conductor.
6. Zabarvlennya lived
It is necessary to know about the zabarvlennya that it is either of a strong color, or the smuga is applied on the sheathing of a long cable with a width of approximately a millimeter. Tse standard. Everything else, at the sight of rozmaznі, plyam, the husband is upside down - in the face of the evil one. І to talk about those who robbed the cable for some people who didn’t understand.
Behind the bills lived є table, as you know, whether there was an electrician. There it is painted, as a kind of sign, the main lived are designated - phase, zero, ground. It is broken for the sake of transparency for the hour of installation, for the sake of bachiti, where is the conductor to come. The phases and working guides can work for zabarvlennyami, "earth" zavzhd "farbuyut" at the yellow-green colors.
7. Packing
The bay or drum is standard for all types. Bays go to sales at shops, wind up on drums for wholesalers, buddies and other great buyers. A tag with a description will be attached to the cable for any reason.
Instead of tags, I repeat the inscriptions on the obolontsi with some additions. He says:
- the name of the plant or the trade mark of the virobnik
- brand (designation) of products
- GOST or TU
- release date
- number of vіdrіzkіv іz їх dozhina
- drum number
- guardian's guard
- sign of integrity
- VTK badge.
If you come to buy a cable for carrying out at the apartment with a whole bay of 100 m, you take the tag from it at once. And if they give you a piece of clothing, then the yarlik can’t give it away, you can just marvel.
8. Certificate
Used to confirm that the cable is yak_sny. Call the products may 2 documents - a certificate of integrity, which is valid for the cable as an electrical installation material and a certificate of fire safety. You can ask the seller for them. Documents may be completed from the designation of GOSTs on the cable and the mother term, for example, until the end of the streaming period. As a rule, the documentation requires specifications (technical intellect) for GOST and for cable products that are equal to the compliance with GOST.
9. Stan
Tse ovnіshnіy look of a power dart. Twirl your respect, as if looking at the cable, for the one who, behind the rumple, strong bends, squeezes the inner hose. Lived I can vyyavitisya perelamanі and navіt closed one on one. Understanding that it is not possible to lay such material, do not hesitate to look at the cable at the store, even before paying for an independent purchase.
What kind of cable is needed for carrying out at the apartment
We have already said that the electrical wiring at the apartment "wimagai" 2 cut the cable.
For sockets, it is necessary to take a 2.5 mm thread., so that the voltage is turned on, it can reach 3-4 kilowatts. And the cable is two and a half "square" and razrakhovaniya for a maximum tension of up to 5.9 kilowatts and a stream of up to 27 Amperes. Tse does not mean that it is necessary to install the cable line all the way. Vybіr zavzhdi go іz stock vіd planned navantazhennya tretina. Tim is bigger, that the cable, that lies under the plaster, cools less and does not need to be insured during picking.
For the contour of illumination of the vicorist, the cut is 1.5 mm2. The pressure here is much less, but you can still see how you can control the illumination in the apartment, the stream and the reserve of tightness can be pulled out of excess.
Important information! Since the current rules of electrical safety require grounding household electrical appliances and installing special sockets, then a three-core cable is used for laying. In Yakumu there is a working phase explorer, a zero working and zero zero.
Which cable is recommended online store site for wired wiring in a house in an apartment
Guessing, scho markuvannya to avenge the main characteristics of cable products. Letters of designation show on the materials of the veins, insulation, sheathing and flexibleness, digital - on the number of wires of the veins and their peretina.
VVG cable
The widest domestic cable for electrical installation near the apartment. May single-core copper conductors, insulation and cladding with PVC plastic compound, vicorate in applications with normal and advanced moisture. Insurance for a voltage of 660 Volts. Lie down to the gnuchki non-armored power darts. You can include wires from 1 to 5 wires, with a crossover from the second up to 240 squares. The form of the conductor is round, the plane is abo trikutna.
NYM cable
Copper cable to the European standard Viroblyaetsya at Russian factories and complies with EU and GOST standards. According to the cable, it is similar to the VVGng cable, the nominal voltage is 660 V. A single-core NYM-core cable with a span of 1.5-10 mm2 and a strake with a span of 16 mm2 is used. The number of cores is 1-5, insulation and sheathing with PVC, incombustibility is safer from the gum between the insulation, she lived with cable sheathing.
Get respect! Shops can sell cheap cables with NUM markings. Tsya pardon seems to be in front of you a copy with reduced characteristics. Buying yoga, you are looking to take away non-existent products. Raditily utrimatsya in the sumnіvnoї ekonomії on bezpetsі.
Cables VVGng and NYM may have similar characteristics and advantages:
- Yakisne vikonannya. Lived, insulation, cladding to meet State Standard and to rob the cable above.
- Easy installation and easy fitting. The round cable is easy to install through the number of twists, it is easier to increase the time of introduction.
- High fire resistance and safety. Complimentary standards ensure safe operation of the cable under tension, and special insulation allows laying in bundles without safety ignition during mutual heating.
- Self-extinguishing and low smoke. The material of the casing is self-extinguishing and upovilnyu gor_nnya. And also safe for weak smoke without unsafe halogens. If the defender spratsyuє іz upovіlnennyam, then zbity vіd spalahu will be minimal.
- Great selection of options the stamps for the price pіd whether it's a budget.
Which wire is not suitable for conducting at the apartment
And one more important moment. We understand that for the most part “wire” that “cable” is synonymous. Really see cable products. The main insulation is that the cable may also have two balls of insulation, with the first ball on top of the strum conductors, the other one, which closes the entire beam. Navіt yakshcho the cable has one core, the insulation is always underwire. Conductor is a weaker construction with light insulation.
Get respect! Robiti the wiring in the apartment with a dart, wind it up with a bag of living or a bag of bugs - it’s a filthy winding.
The smut is dashingly wired - its weak resistance to thriving heating with constant exposure to that temple of fire. That is why the stench does not seem to be due to the PUE’s how much they spend in living quarters.
Provid PVS
| PVA |
Integral copper wire with vinyl insulation and shell. Vykoristovuєtsya for the connection of pobutovoi electrical equipment to the home wire for the preparation of podzhuvalnyh cords. The number of conductors is 2-6; Insurance for nominal voltage 380 V.
Respect! It is not necessary to take the PVS wire for carrying out for the sake of friends or for savings.
- In the first place, PVS was able to make a bagatodroid construction. And tse means that all kіntsi for z'єdnannya need to be tinkered and obov'yazkovo soldered. It takes a lot of time and at the same time the high quality of the work lived and the great fortune in the electrician.
- In a different way, the bagatodrotyan construction lived - the factor of increased fire anxiety. This kind of warming is stronger, which means that the insulation is worse, which is not safe and may end in short chimes.
- Thirdly, PVA wire cannot be laid in a bundle, like a cable. Only with threads. Tobto shtrobiti stіni pіd kozhnu linіyu okremo.
Otzhe, ekonomіya to go out more sumnіvnіvnіvnіvіnіy і symbolісі. The low price of the dart will be paid for by the high quality of the installation. And to deprive the richest of the riches of the past.
Provid SHVVP and PVVP
| SHVVP, PVVP |
Mounting cords or cables with single and bagatodroid copper cores. Vykoristovuyutsya for the connection of electric power and by-butovoi technology. May have a short term of exploitation, a rich type of housing, to complete the completion and carry out soldering for an hour of installation. Not suitable for stationary wiring due to the presence of non-combustible insulation and weak characteristics.
Provid PUNP
Respect! PUNP has been fenced off to conduct the year 2007 through its inadequacy.
Wanting є “wise men” and among clients, and among unfortunate electricians, like yogo cory. We motivate ourselves that "all old apartments have the same wine."
But the “hulks” forget that during the hours of the SRSR, the equipment for home electrical appliances has also changed and the pressure has grown. To that PUNP and fenced - the wine is low-pressure, with weak insulation and no current tension.
Accessories and accessories for cables
When installing electrical wiring, not only a cable is needed, but the whole list of equipment, components, electrical installations and accessories. In order to determine the exact number, the electrician will always create a plan or a wiring diagram. Ale mi at once, we say in slang, that is what we call an approximate list of supplementary elements.